How does Groupon make money?

Assuming we are talking about the original business model, not Groupon Goods, the short lived Groupon Now and whatever else they have been attempting to do with Breadcrumb etc, it’s more complicated than what people have hitherto posted, but it’s also genius.

Most deals don’t make money – the big ones do very well

Firstly most of the money comes from epic, big discount, high price deals. There’s a real Pareto function here. Most deals don’t make much money at all. The great deals make serious money.

I remember a competitor to Groupon started doing travel deals. The first one they did, to Ibiza I think, made them well over a million dollars.

The sales guys who figure out the great deals can do really well. So Groupon makes money from killer deals.

Ticket price

To make money you need to either have massive volume, or decent volume and a high ticket price. Big volume is dangerous as the supplier may not be able to deliver on the deal. Better to have a high ticket price.

Restaurants are a solid business. The average price is about 50–80 bucks. You used to solidly sell these, but you don’t get crazy money.

If you do healthcare related things like teeth whitening, IPL etc, you can easily get to 800, up to a few thousand. If you sell these in volume you make good money. The same therefore applies to travel etc.

Once Groupon figured out that they could do deals in areas like travel, entire teams were set up just to do these.

Big discounts

Big, attractive discounts get deals done. They need to be too good to pass up on. The minimum was 50%. A 75% discount on a brand name hotel was a good deal!

Brands

Brands sell. Occasionally you would get Starbucks or other big names. Those would sell like hot cakes.

Groupon’s margin

There was huge pressure to have high margins. Globally, deal margins were weekly analysed. They would make margin distribution charts to see the range of margins that were achieved.

High distribution meant the sales teams were ‘margin fighters.’ This meant you fought for every basis point. A team with a high distribution were margins fighters, a team with a few lines of 25%, 35, 40, 50% meant they were margin takers. The sales guys needed to fight for every little point. So you didn’t go from 50% to 45%, you went from 50% to 49.7%. Trust me it works!

There was big pressure to get 50% margin. In fact they started asking for 60% in order to negotiate down to 50%.

Deal math + the missing element

The math for deals as most people presume is as follows: volume of deals sold x ticket price x groupon margin = total.

Assuming:

• 500 coupons sold
• $100 ticket price
• 50% groupon margin

the formula is: 500 x $100 x 50% = $25,000 to Groupon, and $25k to merchant…

In fact it’s more complicated.

Groupon realised that a huge % of deals were never ‘redeemed.’ Meaning people bought a lot of coupons and just never used them, sort of deal fatigue. It also helped that deals had an expiry date, typically 3 months. In the peak of the craze you would even forgot you bought deals, until it was too late.

Ok, so realising a lot of people never redeemed deals, Groupon thought, why then give the merchant money if a customer didn’t redeem a coupon? Couldn’t we just keep it? Since the merchant didn’t deliver a service, why pay them.

What Groupon started doing then, was putting a code on each coupon, which the merchant then had to record as and when a consumer redeemed a coupon in store. Then the merchant would send Groupon the list of redeemed codes. So if there were 500 coupons sold and only 200 redeemed, ,that the merchant recorded, then the merchant only got a pay out on the 200 coupons, ie 40% of the money.

So the actual formula was:

• [volume of deals sold x ticket price x groupon margin x % of redeemed deals] + [volume of deals sold x ticket price x 100% margin x % of unredeemed deals] = total
• [500 x $100 x 50% x 40%] + [500 x $100 x 100% x 60%] = $10000 + 30000 = $40,000 to Groupon, and $10k to merchant…

Merchants got wiser and started negotiating to have the unredeemed removed, they didn’t always get it though…

Payment terms

Groupon also had payments terms… so it would take time for merchants to get paid. Since they were only getting paid as coupons were redeemed and many only redeemed just before expirary, it could take 3–6 months to get paid. In some cases, like scuba diving classes with aa year expiry, you could be talking a year.